What is a Vocal Cord Nodule?
Vocal cord nodules are small, benign growths that develop on the vocal cords. They typically occur due to improper voice use, vocal strain, and chronic irritation. By disrupting the closure mechanism of the vocal cords, they can cause hoarseness, rough voice, vocal fatigue, and voice loss. Nodules usually develop on both sides but can also be unilateral.
Who Is at Risk?
People who use their voice professionally are at a higher risk of developing vocal nodules. These include:
- Singers
- Actors
- Teachers
- Religious leaders (e.g., imams)
- Call center employees
- Announcers
- Coaches
Due to structural differences in the vocal cords, nodules are more common in women than in men.
Symptoms of Vocal Cord Nodules
- Hoarseness and voice cracking
- Rough, husky, or breathy voice
- Vocal fatigue while speaking or singing
- Tightness and discomfort in the throat
- Difficulty producing high-pitched and strong sounds
- Sudden voice breaks or loss of voice control
- Throat pain after long periods of speaking
Diagnostic Methods
- ENT Examination:
The physician listens to the patient’s complaints and evaluates the extent of damage and vocal habits. - Laryngoscopy (Visualization of the Vocal Cords):
Indirect laryngoscopy, flexible or rigid endoscopy methods are used to examine the vocal cords. Nodules can be clearly identified during imaging. - Stroboscopy:
Used to examine vocal cord movements in detail. Especially important for distinguishing nodules from other vocal pathologies (polyp, cyst, cancer, etc.). - Voice Analysis:
Evaluates frequency, vibrations, and sound waves to assess vocal cord dysfunction.
Treatment Methods for Vocal Cord Nodules
Voice Therapy (First Line Treatment)
The primary treatment for vocal nodules is voice therapy. The goal is to correct improper voice habits and ensure proper voice production while protecting the vocal cords. Therapy is managed by a voice therapist or ENT specialist and includes:
- Proper breathing techniques
- Voice warm-up and cool-down exercises
- Correcting speech and singing techniques
- Eliminating incorrect vocal use
In most cases, nodules shrink or disappear completely with voice therapy.
Voice Hygiene Recommendations
- Drink plenty of water (at least 2 liters per day)
- Avoid excessive shouting and vocal strain
- Quit smoking and alcohol
- Reduce consumption of spicy and acidic foods
- Avoid dry and dusty environments
- Use steam inhalation or humidifiers to keep the vocal cords moist
- Avoid caffeinated and carbonated drinks
Surgical Treatment (In Rare Cases)
If nodules persist despite voice therapy and hygiene practices, and no improvement is seen in voice quality, they may be surgically removed through micro-laryngeal surgery. However, post-operative voice therapy is still recommended to prevent recurrence.
Conclusion
Vocal cord nodules generally result from improper voice use and vocal strain. The first-line treatment involves voice therapy and establishing proper vocal habits. Preventing nodule formation requires attention to voice hygiene, protecting the vocal cords, and seeking professional help when needed. Maintaining vocal health can significantly improve both your vocal performance and overall quality of life in the long term.
