What Is a Vocal Cord Polyp?
The vocal cords are delicate structures with a smooth surface that fully close during phonation. Vocal cord polyps are small, fluid-filled growths that form on the vocal cords. Unlike nodules, polyps contain more fluid and are generally larger in size.
What Causes Polyps?
Vocal cord polyps can occur due to improper voice use. Other contributing risk factors include:
- Smoking and alcohol use
- Chronic reflux (acid backing up from the stomach into the esophagus)
- Allergic reactions
- Exposure to harmful chemicals
- Frequent use of cleaning agents
- Structural issues such as hiatal hernia
- Use of oral inhaler medications for asthma (e.g., Ventolin)
Individuals who frequently use their voices professionally (teachers, singers, broadcasters) or are exposed to the above factors are at higher risk for developing polyps.
Vocal Cord Polyp
What Are the Symptoms?
Vocal cord polyps may lead to noticeable changes in voice quality. Common symptoms include:
- Hoarseness
- A rough, breathy, or raspy voice
- Vocal fatigue during speaking
- Decreased vocal clarity
If you experience one or more of these symptoms, it is important to consult an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist. Diagnosis is usually made through indirect laryngoscopy or endoscopic examination.
Small Vocal Cord Polyp
Treatment of Vocal Cord Polyps
The treatment process depends on the patient’s lifestyle and the characteristics of the polyp. The most effective treatment methods include:
- Eliminating risk factors: quitting smoking and alcohol, modifying diet to control reflux, avoiding allergens, etc.
- Voice therapy: guided therapy with a specialist to ensure correct voice usage
- Surgical intervention: Unlike nodules, vocal cord polyps more commonly require surgical removal. Larger polyps are removed using microlaryngeal surgical techniques.
Post-treatment, it is essential to maintain good vocal hygiene to protect the voice and prevent recurrence. Recommendations include drinking plenty of water, avoiding vocal strain, and steering clear of irritants like cigarette smoke.
