Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear): What Is It?
Otitis externa is inflammation of the external auditory canal caused by infection, irritation, or allergic reaction. It is commonly seen in people who frequently swim in pools or the sea, hence the name “swimmer’s ear.” It presents with redness, pain, and swelling in the ear canal. If left untreated, it can lead to hearing loss and widespread infections.
Causes of Otitis Externa
- Infections: Can be bacterial (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or fungal in origin.
- Poor ear hygiene: Frequent cleaning with cotton swabs or inserting foreign objects can damage the protective lining of the ear canal.
- Frequent swimming or showering: Increases the risk of water entering the ear and causing infection.
- Use of earplugs, hearing aids, and frequent earphone use: These block air circulation and promote infection.
- Skin conditions: Eczema, psoriasis, and allergic reactions can make the ear canal more sensitive.
Symptoms of Otitis Externa
- Ear pain (increased when pressing the tragus or pulling the ear)
- Itching and a feeling of fullness in the ear
- Ear discharge (may be clear, yellow, or foul-smelling)
- Hearing loss due to blockage
- Swollen lymph nodes and fever in severe cases
Treatment of Otitis Externa
Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and usually involves ear drops.
- Antibiotic or antifungal ear drops: Prescribed based on the source of infection.
- Steroid-containing drops: Reduce inflammation and swelling, accelerating healing.
- Pain relievers: Used to control ear pain.
- Keep ears dry and protect them from water.
In severe infections, oral antibiotics and advanced treatment may be necessary. In diabetic patients or those with weakened immune systems, the infection can spread and lead to serious complications.
How to Prevent Otitis Externa
- Avoid using cotton swabs in the ears.
- Prevent water from entering your ears while swimming (earplugs may help).
- Keep earphones and hearing aids clean.
- If you experience itching or a feeling of fullness in the ear, consult an ENT specialist.
Conclusion
Otitis externa is a condition that usually heals quickly with early diagnosis and proper treatment. However, if left untreated, it can cause permanent hearing loss and widespread infections. Maintaining proper ear hygiene and consulting a specialist when symptoms arise is essential for protecting your ear health.
Prof. Dr. Elif Aksoy
ENT Specialist – Ear Diseases and Infections
