Tonsil and Adenoid Problems
Tonsils and adenoids are important components of the body’s immune system. In newborns, these structures are small due to the presence of maternal immunoglobulins, but they may enlarge around the age of 4–5 as a result of frequent infections. As the child grows older, they typically shrink in size. However, in some cases, enlarged tonsils and adenoids can persist and lead to various health issues in children.
An enlarged adenoid can block nasal breathing, causing the child to breathe through the mouth. This can negatively impact facial and jaw development, potentially resulting in orthodontic problems and speech disorders. Additionally, it can interfere with the drainage of the ears and sinuses, increasing the risk of frequent middle ear infections and sinusitis. Common symptoms in these children include hearing loss, snoring, nighttime coughing, and nasal discharge.
Excessive enlargement of the tonsils and adenoids can narrow the upper airways and lead to snoring and sleep apnea (breathing pauses during sleep). Sleep apnea disrupts sleep quality and may cause daytime fatigue, attention deficits, and learning difficulties in children. In such cases, it is very important to consult an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist.
Furthermore, recurrent tonsil infections may be caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria. In some cases, the immune system may respond abnormally, leading to serious complications such as rheumatic fever. This condition may eventually cause damage to the heart valves and should not be ignored.
In conclusion, enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children should be carefully monitored, and early intervention should be considered when necessary. With proper treatment, it is possible to prevent breathing difficulties, recurrent infections, and serious long-term health complications.
