Vocal Cord Weakness (Paresis) and Paralysis (Paralysis)
The vocal cords are muscular structures that open during breathing and come together in the midline during speech to produce sound. Partial weakness in their movement is called “paresis,” while complete immobility is referred to as “paralysis.” The symptoms may vary depending on which vocal cord is affected and its position.
What Are the Symptoms?
- Hoarseness and loss of vocal clarity
- Sensation of tension and fatigue in the throat while speaking
- Shortness of breath during speech
- Coughing due to food or liquids entering the windpipe
- Breathing difficulties and respiratory insufficiency
Causes of Vocal Cord Paresis and Paralysis
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (often after thyroid or cardiac surgery)
- Laryngeal muscle and nerve disorders
- Tumor compression on the nerve controlling the vocal cords
- Pressure on the vocal cord nerve during general anesthesia
- Laryngopharyngeal reflux (silent reflux)
Diagnostic Methods
Diagnosis of vocal cord weakness or paralysis is made by thoroughly evaluating the patient’s complaints and performing a physical examination. Diagnostic tools include:
- Endoscopic Examination: Visualization of the laryngeal structures using a camera.
- Voice Analysis Tests: Measuring the efficiency of voice production.
- Laryngeal EMG (LEMG): Evaluates the electrical activity of vocal cord muscles to assess nerve function.
- Imaging Techniques: Neck and chest CT scans or brain MRI to identify underlying causes.
Treatment Options
Treatment of vocal cord paresis or paralysis depends on the severity of symptoms, the patient’s vocal demands in daily life, and the likelihood of spontaneous recovery. Options include:
- Observation and Voice Therapy: In mild cases, the patient is monitored and given voice therapy.
- Vocal Cord Injections: Fillers such as fat, hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, or collagen are injected to support the vocal cords.
- Thyroplasty Surgery: For cases that do not improve spontaneously, a small incision is made in the neck and a silicone or Gore-Tex implant is placed to support the vocal cord. This method significantly improves voice quality and has high patient satisfaction.
Remember to have regular check-ups, use your voice correctly, and avoid risk factors to maintain your vocal health!
